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Hamburg S-Bahn
The Hamburg S-Bahn is rapid mass transit railway network in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Together, the S-Bahn, the Hamburg U-Bahn, the AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city and the surrounding area. The network has operated since 1907 as an electric rapid transit system, under the direction of the state railway, and is member of Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV), ''Hamburg's transport association''. There are six lines, serving 68 stations, on of route. On an average working day the S-Bahn transports about 590,000 passengers; in 2010 about 221 million people used the S-Bahn.
The S-Bahn is the only railway in Germany that uses both direct current (1,200 Volts) supplied by a third rail and alternating current (15 kV / 16.7 Hz) supplied by overhead lines. Most of the tracks are separated from other rail services. The S-Bahn is operated by S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH, a subsidiary of DB Regio.
Similarly to Berlin but unlike Hanover, the S-Bahn is an important part of public transport within the city due to its dense schedule and good coverage of the metropolitan region. Unlike both Berlin and Hanover, the S-Bahn is of little importance for regional traffic since the network lies mostly within the city, though in 2007 the southwestern S3 line was extended about 32 km (20 miles) into the state of Lower Saxony (the ''Neugraben - Stade'' portion, which included seven new stations).
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